Spears & MacLeod: Medical Links: Botulism: Pharmasave :Yarmouth, Nova Scotia : GrassRoutes

Botulism is a very serious illness caused by Clostridium botulinium .It is a deadly form of food poisoning, caused by a toxin produced in food by a micro-organism which lives in soil all over the world. Home canned low-acid vegetables, sauces and soups, meats, fish or poultry that have been insufficiently heated during canning are the most likely sources. Although botulism toxin in food can be destroyed by boiling at 212 degrees F (100C) for 10 minutes, the spores (which create the toxin) are heat resistant and can survive prolonged boiling. The symptoms of wound (Tetnus) and foodbrone botulism usually start 12 to 36 hours after exposure to the botulinum bacteria. However, the symptoms may take as few as 2 hours or as many as 8 days to appear

MediLinks...Botulism

www.spearsmacleod.com
MediLinks

Return

Submenu

Return

Major Menu

Return

Top Page

Organizations:

Reviewed sites.

#	Link	Description	Type
2.	Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition (FDA)		gov
3.	Biohazard/Infectious Disease Page		com

1. An Outbreak of Type A Botulism Associated with a Commercial Cheese Sauce

Waterfowl Die From Avian Botulism Outbreak

The list of sites below .... has not been reviewed
If you feel any of these sites should be moved up to our permanent list ( or removed)
or if you have any site to suggest please contact
Add-A-Link.
Please be sure to tell us which category and send us a complete URL or item # below.
Thank you
These pages are selected randomly from the net and will be occasionally updated.
We apologize if a site listed below may be unsuitable, if we are informed it will be removed.

	Biological Weapon - Botulism
	Home. Biological Weapon - Botulism. What It Is. The clinical syndrome produced by one or more of these toxins is known as "botulism". What It Does.

http://www.be-prepared.info/botulism.html

	Bioterrorism Simulator
	The Bioterrorism Simulator helps train doctors, nurses, and other first responders to manage anthrax, smallpox, botulism and nerve agents.

http://www.anesoft.com

	Botulinum Toxin
	... do not neutralize the B through G toxins. Naturally occurring botulism is the disease that results from the absorption of botulinum toxin ...need for mechanical respiration. The incubation period for food-borne botulism typically

http://www.hopkins-biodefense.org/pages/agents/agentbotox.html

	Botulinum Toxin
	Types A-G). Botulinum toxins may be aerosolized or used to sabotage food supplies. Disease: Botulism Incubation Period: 1-5 days Signs/Symptoms: Inhaled botulinum toxins produce a clinical picture

http://www.tdh.state.tx.us/bioterrorism/facts/bottox.html

	Botulinum Toxin as a Biological Weapon: Medical and Public Health ...
	The literature was reviewed, and opinions were sought from the working group and other experts on diagnosis and management of botulism.

http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v285n8/ffull/jst00017.html

	Botulinum Toxin: A Poison That Can Heal
	Botulinum Toxin: A Poison that Can Heal and one of the agency's representatives to the Inter-agency Botulism Research Coordinating Committee. Botulism-causing Clostridium botulinum bacteria and

http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/095_bot.html

	Botulism
	Botulism. Definition: Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The bacterium may enter

http://www.pennhealth.com/ency/article/000598.htm

	Botulism
	Provides information on food safety, healthy meals and snacks, children adolescents, nutrition aging infant botulism. Are there complications from botulism? Botulism can result in death due

http://www.seekwellness.com/nutrition/botulism.htm

	Botulism
	BOTULISM. Agent 2000). Routes of Infection: As a bioterror weapon, botulism can be dispersed in aerosol form or dispensed in food.

http://www.baylor.edu/~Charles_Kemp/botulism.htm

	Botulism
	How to prevent botulism food poisoning. Proper methods of canning low acid home canned foods. Causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment. Infant botulism.

http://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheets/HGIC3680.htm

	Botulism
	Botulism can be controlled with awareness of the types of botulism, conditions affecting the growth of the toxin-producing spores, symptoms, treatment and

http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09305.html

	Botulism
	Botulism. Botulism is a paralytic condition brought on by the consumption of a naturally occurring toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.

http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12150_12220-26493--,00.html

	Botulism
	Botulism. Fact Sheet No 270 Revised August 2002. Overview: Human botulism is a serious but relatively rare disease. The disease

http://www.who.int/entity/mediacentre/factsheets/who270/en

	Botulism
	Infant Botulism The controversial. It is clear that many infants who are diagnosed with infantile botulism are primarily breast-fed.

http://home.coqui.net/myrna/botu.htm

	Botulism
	In the face of large numbers of casualties and/or in the absence of prompt, intensive, and long-term medical management, botulism can be thought of as a lethal

http://library.advanced.org/21659/agents/botulism.html

	Botulism
	Botulism. Symptoms of botulism. Infant botulism. Infant botulism. Clostridium botulinum can also cause sickness in very young children.

http://www.foodbiotech.org/pathogens/botulism.htm

	Botulism
	MAIN SEARCH INDEX Botulism. Definition. Botulism is caused by botulinum toxin, a natural poison produced by certain bacteria in the Clostridium genus.

http://www.hendrickhealth.org/healthy/000228.htm

	Botulism
	Botulism is a rare disease that affects nerves and the muscles they control. Read this article for kids to find out how to protect yourself. What Is Botulism?

http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/stomach/botulism.html

	Botulism
	Botulism. Canada’s Wild Birds and their Habitats. We may again be in the early stages of another botulism outbreak in the Great Lakes area. See the link here.

http://www.michiganloons.org/botulism.htm

	Botulism
	Botulism [up]. Botulism / prevention & control Botulism / prevention & control. Botulism, This fact sheet on botulism, a disease caused

http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/detail/C0006057L0006057.html

	botulism
	botulism [up]. Related topics: broader, bacterial diseases. other, Clostridium botulinum. Botulism in cattle, This fact sheet

http://vetgate.ac.uk/browse/cabi/detail/977e8e8ecc4d8a4c1881f0f21acc1a47.html

	Botulism
	Thanks to Robert F. Boyd, PhD, and Virginia Wirtz, authors of General Microbiology, Disease, Botulism. Description, causes paralysis; life-threatening if untreated.

http://www.mwra.state.ma.us/germs/botulism.htm

	Botulism
	only). BOTULISM (food-borne botulism and infant botulism). Direct specific questions to your medical provider.). What is botulism? Botulism

http://www.state.sd.us/doh/Pubs/botulism.htm

	Botulism - Center for the Study of Bioterrorism
	Botulism. Fact Sheets. Botulism Fact Sheet November 2002, CSB. Botulism Information CDC. Education and Training. Official Remarks and Reports. Case Studies. Products.

http://www.slu.edu/colleges/sph/csbei/bioterrorism/botulism.htm

	Botulism - EU
	Botulism in the European Union. The epidemiological pattern of botulism in European countries seems to have been relatively stable during the last decade.

http://www.istm.org/news_share/199901/botulism.html

	Botulism - Iowa State Food Safety Project
	Iowa State University Extension's Food Safety Project offers the latest in foodsafety news What is Botulism? Foodborne Botulism is a severe type of food poisoning caused by the ingestion of

http://www.exnet.iastate.edu/foodsafety/botulism.html

	Botulism - Iowa State Food Safety Project
	What is Botulism? Sausages, meat products, canned vegetables and seafood products have been the most frequent vehicles for human Botulism.

http://www.extension.iastate.edu/foodsafety/botulism.html

	Botulism - Wikipedia
	Botulism. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Infant botulism. Infant botulism is the most common form of the ailment in the United States.

http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulism

	Botulism Exposure Guidelines

http://infectioncontrol.ucsfmedicalcenter.org/IC_BT_Home_Page/Botulism_Exposure_Guidelines/botulism_exposure_guidelines.html

	Botulism Fact Sheet
	Information for Persons Who May Have Been Exposed to Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin). What is Botulism? Botulism usually occurs in three forms:

http://edcp.org/html/botulism.html

	Botulism fact sheet
	Botulism What is botulism? Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.

http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/dc/botlsm.pdf

	Botulism Fact Sheet
	Botulism (foodborne botulism and infant botulism) What is botulism? Botulism is a food poisoning caused by a toxin produced by bacteria known as Clostridium botulinum. Who gets botulism? Foodborne

http://www.vdh.state.va.us/epi/botuf.htm

	Botulism Fact Sheet - Public Health - Seattle & King County
	King County Navigation Bar (text navigation at bottom). Communicable Disease Fact Sheet Botulism. What is botulism? It is poisoning

http://www.metrokc.gov/health/prevcont/botulism.htm

	Botulism Fact Sheet - Public Health - Seattle & King County
	Fact Sheet on Botulism (Food Poisoning) Communicable Disease Fact Sheet Botulism What is botulism? Symptoms How is it spread? Diagnosis and treatment Prevention What is botulism? It is

http://co.king.wa.us/health/prevcont/botulism.htm

	Botulism Facts
	Botulism. What is botulism? Botulism, a paralytic illness, is rare, but can cause serious, paralyzing symptoms and may be fatal. How prevalent is botulism?

http://www.viahealth.org/newsfeatures/bioterrorism/botulism.htm

	Botulism Foodborne Fact Sheet
	occasional sources. What are the symptoms of foodborne botulism? Foodborne botulism affects the nervous system. Symptoms are symmetric Who gets foodborne botulism? Foodborne botulism occurs

http://www.dhfs.state.wi.us/healthtips/BCD/BotulismFoodborne.htm

	Botulism Frequently Asked Questions
	Find out the truth about botulism through our frequently asked questions, researched and prepared by a experts at Shands HealthCare. What is botulism?

http://www.shands.org/find/service/bioterrorism/botulism.htm

	Botulism Health Information
	Download the Botulism Health Sheet or view it below. home. Botulism It's summertime. Your garden has produced a bumper crop

http://www.granthealth.org/botulism.htm

	BOTULISM IN LOW-ACID CANNED FOODS
	Extension Preserving Food Safely - 01600832 08/03/99 BOTULISM IN LOW-ACID CANNED FOODS Pressure canning is the only recommended method a real risk of botulism poisoning. If these bacteria

http://msue.msu.edu/msue/imp/mod01/01600832.html

	Botulism in the United States: A..., Annals 1 Aug 98
	Botulism in the United States: A Clinical andEpidemiologic Review. Annals of Internal Medicine 1 Aug 98.

http://www.acponline.org/journals/annals/01aug98/botulism.htm

	Botulism Infant Fact Sheet
	How is infant botulism spread? Infant botulism is not digestive tract. What is the treatment for infant botulism? Infant botulism can be treated with botulism immune globulin (BIG), which

http://www.dhfs.state.wi.us/healthtips/BCD/BotulismInfant.htm

	Botulism Table of Contents
	Early Descriptions Foodborne Botulism in the Arctic Seasonality, types, and location Foods Prevention Other aspects of botulism in Alaska Unanswered questions Infant botulism References

http://www.epi.hss.state.ak.us/pubs/botulism/bot_01.htm

	Botulism Toxin: Friend of Foe?
	understand, Botulism Toxin: Friend of Foe? ventilation. The cause of this foodborne illness was due to botulism toxin (Botulism Outbreak, 2001).

http://www.bact.wisc.edu:81/ScienceEd/stories/storyReader$87

	botulism, infant
	Tight Video© Help for sleepless parents Encyclopedia Index B botulism, infant \| Search botulism, infant This is a syndrome recognised in The baby with infant botulism may have a history of

http://www.sleeptight.com/EncyMaster/B/botulism.html

	BOTULISM, INFANT
	BOTULISM, INFANT BOTULISM, INFANT What is infant botulism? Infant botulism is a disease caused by a toxin produced when the intestines of very young children become infected by the

http://www.health.state.ut.us/els/epidemiology/epifacts/infantbo.html

	BOTULISM, INFANT
	BOTULISM, INFANT What is infant botulism? Infant botulism is a disease caused by a toxin produced when the intestines of very ... infected by the bacteria, Clostridium botulinum . Who gets infant botulism are generally younger

http://hlunix.hl.state.ut.us/els/epidemiology/epifacts/infantbo.html

	Botulism: Odorless, Tasteless, But Certainly Not Harmless - Works Cited
	117 - 118. 10 "Infant Botulism," http://www.rch.unimelb IL: Thomas Books, 1988. 22 Stallcup, Mike, "Information on Botulism," http://neptune.netimages.com/~chile/botulism.html. 23 Todar

http://iaith.tapetrade.net/botulism/botubibl.html

	Botulism: Odorless, Tasteless, But Certainly Not Harmless has moved!
	http://iaith.simplenet.com

http://www.duke.edu/~wcm1/botulism.html

	Botulism: What you don't see can hurt you, HYG-5567-98
	... 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1295 BotulismWhat you don't see can hurt you HYG-5567-98 Barbara Rohrs What is Botulism? Botulism was formerly known as "Kerner's Disease." It was named after the man who signed the death

http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/5567.html

	Botulism; Botulinum toxin
	Molecules, Syndromes, Muscle, NMJ, Nerve, Spinal, Ataxia, Antibody & Biopsy, Patient Info BOTULISM Clinical features Clostridium botulinum Diagnosis Features of subtypes Mechanisms of action

http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/nother/bot.htm

	BOTULISMUL
	BOTULISMUL. 1. DEFINITIE. Botulismul este o boala paralitica amenintatoare pentru viata produsa de neurotoxina elaborata

http://www.ispt.ro/infectioase/botulismul.htm

	CDC Public Health Emergency Preparedness & Response Site
	Information on terrorism and public health. Provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Selected Agents & Threats Featured Links ? Smallpox ? Botulism ? Plague ? Anthrax ? Sarin Nerve Gas

http://www.bt.cdc.gov/

	Center for the Study of Bioterrorism and Emerging Infections - Saint Louis University, School of Public Health
	Center for the Study of Bioterrorism and Emerging Infections conducts research and provides public health and healthcare Anthrax Smallpox Plague Botulism Tularemia VHF Contact Us Visit our Emerging Infections

http://www.bioterrorism.slu.edu/

	Citric acid and botulism infections
	Citric acid and botulism infections Citric acid Introduction In the summer of 2000 there was an outbreak of Clostridium Novyii (a signs & symptoms of botulism infection and treatment

http://saferinjecting.org/citric/botulism.html

	Clinical Pathway: Botulism
	Page 1. Clinical Pathway: Botulism Copyright 2002 Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy, University of Minnesota (www.cidrap.umn.edu), and Infectious

http://www.idsociety.org/bt/bot_pathway.pdf

	Clostridium botulinum, Botulism
	Botulinum Toxin Mechanism of Action. To view this movie you must have the shockwave plug ins. If you don't have these plug ins you

http://microvet.arizona.edu/Courses/MIC420/lecture_notes/clostridia/clostridia_neurotox/movie/botulinum_movie.html

	Communicable Disease
	Communicable Diseases, Information for Consumers - New York State Department of Health Anthrax Arboviral Infections B Babesiosis Botulism Brucellosis C Campylobacteriosis Chancroid Chlamydia Chickenpox

http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/consumer/commun.htm

	DBMD - Botulism - General Information
	Botulism For comprehensive CDC information about bioterrorism and related issues, please visit http://www.bt.cdc.gov. What is botulism?

http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/botulism_g.htm

	DHS DCDC Infant Botulism Program
	name: to provide and improve the treatment of infant botulism, and to prevent infant botulism and related diseases. The Program became services for infant botulism, 3) to investigate all

http://www.dhs.cahwnet.gov/ps/dcdc/InfantBot/ibtindex.htm

	digital stater \| the Daily Kent Stater online
	The Digital Stater - Daily Kent Stater content and more accounted for up to 25,000 liters of anthrax, 38,000 liters of botulism toxin, 500 tons of sarin, mustard gas and VX nerve agent and upwards

http://www.stater.kent.edu/

	DR_PHLSINTERIMGUIDELINES_BOTULISM_V4_15OCT2002.doc

http://www.phls.co.uk/topics_az/botulism/botulism_guidelines.pdf

	Emergency Planning Coordination Unit - Deliberate Release
	DH Home, You are here: Public Health & Clinical Quality > EPCU > Deliberate release > Botulism, EPCU home, Links, Contacts, Glossary, Botulism. PH Aídes Memoire:

http://www.doh.gov.uk/epcu/cbr/biol/botlist.htm

	Epidemiologic information on bioterrorism
	of Acambis (4/16/03) Smallpox worry a big challenge (4/18/03) Botulism Control of Communicable Disease Manual (APHA), 2000. Botulism News Stories and Journal Articles Botulinum Toxin as a

http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/bioter/bioterrorism.html

	External Poultry Disease Symptoms
	contaminated hatching egg Swellings Ruptured air sac; edema Twitching, muscular spasm Botulism; infectious bursal disease Trembling Epidemic tremors; encephalitis (brain damage

http://www.msstate.edu/dept/poultry/diagext.htm

	Fact Sheet - Botulism
	9/99 FACT SHEET Botulism General Public What is botulism? There are three forms of botulism foodborne, infant, and wound. Who is at risk?

http://www.idph.state.ia.us/eedo/cade_content/epifacts/botulismgp.pdf

	Fact Sheet - Botulism

http://www.idph.state.ia.us/pa/ic/epifacts/botulismgp.pdf

	Facts about: Anthrax, Botulism, Pneumonic Plague, Smallpox
	... general public to prevent disease and is not available. Facts about BotulismBotulism is a muscle-paralyzing disease caused by a toxin made by a bacterium ...called Clostridium botulinum . There are three main kinds of botulism

http://www.bt.cdc.gov/DocumentsApp/FactsAbout/FactsAbout.asp

	FDA/CFSAN Bad Bug Book - Clostridium botulinum
	... or minimally processed. Seven types (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) of botulism are recognized, based on the antigenic specificity of the toxin ...produced by each strain. Types A, B, E and F cause human botulism in animals. Animals most

http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap2.html

	FDA/CFSAN Bad Bug Book - Clostridium botulinum
	Argentina, no outbreaks involving it have been recognized. Foodborne botulism (as distinct from wound botulism and infant botulism) is a severe type of food poisoning caused by the ingestion of

http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap2.html

	Food Poisoning
	medication, which can make her sicker. Your 11-month-old baby is listless and seems weak. botulism Botulism is rare, but it has a high fatality rate if not treated immediately and properly. Get

http://www.parents.com/articles/health/2235.jsp

	Food Poisoning
	1990: MMWR Botulism - Clinical Description - 1990: MMWR Botulism: Fact Sheet: CDC Botulism: Vanderbilt U. Botulism: Washington U. Clostridium botulinum: FDA Favism Search PUBMED for Favism: All

http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/C21/C21.613.415.html

	Frozen, Fully-Cooked Products and Botulism: Food Safety Advisory
	D.C. 20250-3700 Consumer Fact Sheet September 2001 Frozen, Fully-Cooked Products and Botulism – Food Safety Advisory In August and September 2001, several cases of botulism, a life-threatening

http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/pubs/frozenbot.htm

	Honey and Infant Botulism
	and Infant Botulism June 14, 1999 What is infant botulism? Infant botulism is a neuroparalytic disease which affects otherwise healthy How common is infant botulism? Infant botulism is rare

http://www.nutriwatch.org/06FST/honey.html

	Infant Botulism--New York City, 2001-2002
	JAMA. 289;834-836, February 19, 2003, Infant Botulism--New York City, 2001-2002,. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Infant Botulism New York City, 2001-2002

http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v289n7/ffull/jwr0219-1.html

	Information on Botulism
	Information on Botulism, What is botulism? Botulism is a serious illness caused by a nerve toxin made by the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum.

http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/botulism.htm

	Loyola Univ. Health Sys. - Bioterrorism - Botulism
	Botulism Botulism Related Links: Bioterrorism > Anthrax > Plague > Smallpox What is botulism? Botulism How prevalent is botulism? On average

http://www.luhs.org/health/topics/bioterrorism/botulism.htm

	MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Botulism
	Botulism. Definition Return to top Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The bacterium

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000598.htm

	National Center for Home Food Preservation \| UGA Publications
	Botulism: It Only Takes A Taste. If this physician had not suspected botulism, even though he had seen only a few cases, Mrs. Boberg would probably have died.

http://www.uga.edu/nchfp/publications/uga/botulism.html

	Neurology - Infant Botulism
	Neurology. INFANT BOTULISM. Botulism is an acute descending Wound botulism from a contaminant local infection. Infant botulism is the most

http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/peds/pidl/neuro/botulism.htm

	New York City Department of Health - Communicable Disease - ...
	Medical Treatment and Response to Suspected Botulism: Information for Health Care Providers During Biologic Emergencies. July 2000 Draft:

http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/cd/botmd.html

	New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene- ...
	Botulism (foodborne botulism and infant botulism). What is botulism? Who gets botulism? Anybody is susceptible to foodborne botulism.

http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/cd/cdbot.html

	NORD - National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
	Botulism. This Report is freely available. Full report version is displayed. Copyright 1986, 1989, 1990, 1998, 2001 Synonyms of Botulism:

http://www.rarediseases.org/search/rdbdetail_abstract.html?disname=Botulism

	NWHC: Avian Botulism Fact Sheet
	Avian botulism is a paralytic disease caused by ingestion of a toxin produced by the bacteria, Clostridium botulinum. This outbreak are NOT immune to botulism toxin. Public Health

http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/whats_new/fact_sheet/fact_avian_botulism.html

	NY-PA-OH Sea Grant: Botulism in Lakes Erie, Ontario - About ...
	NY/PA/OH Sea Grant: Botulism in Lakes Erie, Ontario. What is Botulism? Birds and fish that have died from botulism decay and become hosts for maggots.

http://www.seagrant.sunysb.edu/botulism/aboutbotulism.htm

	NYSDEC Type E Botulism in Lakes Erie and Ontario - Q & A
	Type E Botulism in Lakes Erie and Ontario - Q & A More E toxin. Can I go swimming in water where wildlife affected by botulism have been found? ? You're not at risk for botulism by swimming

http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dfwmr/faqbotu.html

	Preventing Botulism
	Learning For Better Living 9/94 Cooperative Extension System Preventing Botulism Bacteria are very small organisms. Preventing Botulism: BOTULISM SYMPTOMS 24

http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/freeform/espanol/documents/Food_Safety1723.pdf

	Tetanus and Botulism
	Type G toxin is thought to be plasmid encoded. Pathogenesis of Botulism. Food-borne Botulism. However, symptomatic CNS involvement is rare. Infant Botulism.

http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact330/lecturetetbot

	What is Botulism
	What is Botulism? (10/22/2001). Not indicated. Botulism is a rare neuromuscular disease caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum.

http://www.state.sd.us/doh/Bioterrorism/botulism.htm

	Wound Botulism
	Find It! Wound Botulism. ALERT. Wound Botulism has been making injection drug users in California sick. If you skin pop or mainline heroin

http://www.dph.sf.ca.us/HealthInfo/WoundBolutlism.htm

Click here to download your FREE copy of WebFerret

Add-A-Link

Page Construction
by
GrassRoutes Computer Services Ltd.
Yarmouth N.S.
3:45