Schizophrenia is a biochemical brain disorder which affects 1% of the population. Symptoms include disorganized thinking, delusions, hallucinations, changes in emotions and changes in behaviour.

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# Link Description Type
1. The Schizophrenia Home Page The schizophrenia.com website provides patients, family members, and caregivers with information on schizophrenia and related mental illnesses.  com
2. School Psychology - Online Resources md/us
3. Expert Consensus Guideline Series com
4. PSYCHOPATH... Welcome to PSYCHOPATH... our learning, resource and support group. We  invite you to join us. We hope you will learn and benefit from the links, humor, etc. as we share our experiences and reclaim our lives from the devastating effects of a psychopath.  com
5. International list of suport com
6.  The Whole Brain Atlas edu
7. NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER resource and support forum on Narcissistic Personality disorder. com

 
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1. Treatment of Schizophrenia:... Medical Treatment
 Treatmentof Schizophrenia:... Medical Treatment. The Medical management of schizophrenia is based on the Dopamine Hypothesis. It suggests that the brain of a person with Schizophrenia ... Date Not Available 

2. drkoop.com Information on Schizophrenia:... alt. support. schizophrenia
 Health and Wellness. Join one of the many that are going this week in the Weight Loss articles about schizophrenia.... Information Source What is the ... 04/12/2001 

3. The Schizophrenia Home Page
 The Causes of Schizophrenia.... Hit the "back" button on your browser to get back to this page after viewing each of these articles... 05/29/2000 

4. Schizophrenia:... A Nonexistent Disease
 SCHIZOPHRENIA A Nonexistent Disease by Lawrence Stevens, J.D. The word "schizophrenia" has a scientific sound that seems to give it inherent credibility ... 11/26/2000 

5. Successful Schizophrenia Resources
 Here are just a few resources we hope you will find helpful in your quest to better understand mental health. Follow each link for descriptions ... 12/17/2000 

6. Schizophrenia (3
 The PsyCom.Net Bookstore presents books on. Schizophrenia(... Theodore Lidz/ Paperback/ Published 1990 Our Price: 24.95(Special Order) Til Wykes(Editor) et al/... 10/05/1997 

7. Schizophrenia and Comorbid Conditions
 Diagnosis and Treatment. Edited by Michael Y. Hwang, M.D. and Paul C. Bermanzohn, M.D. Schizophrenia and Comorbid Conditions: Diagnosis and Treatment lays the ... 02/07/2001 

8. Schizophrenia
 Medicine.org The Comprehensive Medicine and Health Portal. Schizophrenia.... Medicine.org is being constructed to be on-line in 2000. When complete, Medicine.org will ... 01/08/2000 

9. Schizophrenia Innovative Clinical Solutions, Ltd. Schizophrenia
 We link clinical research and medical management to positively impact the drug development timeline and help bring cutting-edge treatments to patients and physicians. Schizophrenia ... Date Not Available 

10. SCHIZOPHRENIA:... A Nonexistent Disease
 www.antipsychiat... SCHIZOPHRENIA A Nonexistent Disease. by Lawrence Stevens, J.D. The word "schizophrenia" has a scientific sound that seems to give ... 01/22/2001 

11. Save on health books concerning Schizophrenia
 Sunday April 29, 2001. Save on 1,000's of health books concerning 100's of different health topics! Schizophrenia Books. Be notified when there ... Date Not Available 

12. Heat Stroke and Schizophrenia
 TN Srinivasan. Consultant Psychiatrist, Sundaram Medical Foundation, CHENNAI- 600 040, INDIA. See. Classic heat strokes occur in epidemics in civilian population, especially those with preexisting ... 04/16/1999 

13. Great Disabler 19-20
 Schizophrenia:... ON SCHIZOPHRENIA.... Recommended Reading and Viewing: Books: Schizophrenia:... The Great Disabler of Young People. Schizophrenia Society of Saskatchewan, 7th printing, 1997(revised) Backlar, Patricia.... 02/05/2001 

14. Maryland Psychiatric Research Center Institute of Psychiatry & Human Behavio...
 & Human Behavior University of Maryland School of Medicine and Mental Hygiene Administration of the Department of Health& Mental Hygiene ANNUAL REPORT Fiscal Year 2000 William ... 02/01/2001 

15. UWO Psychiatry Research
 For most recent publications please visit the Publications of Faculty & Staff page using the following link: ADDICTION PSYCHIATRY. Peer Reviewed Articles. Cernovsky, Z.Z.... 12/12/2000 

16. schizophrenia
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17. schizophrenia
 Find answers in the infoplease.com almanacs, encyclopedia and dictionary. Search for. in. schizophrenia.... schizophrenia,... group of severe mental disorders ... Date Not Available 

18. DoctorYourself.c... - Abram Hoffer, M.D. Bibliography
 Vitamin-Related Bibliography: Abram Hoffer, M.D. References: Hoffer. ABRAM HOFFER, M.D. PH.D. 50 YEARS OF MEGAVITAMIN RESEARCH, PRACTICE, AND PUBLICATION. Bibliography of ... 01/14/2001 

19. SCHIZOPHRENIA.... The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition.
 > > schizophrenia.... · · The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000. schizophrenia.... group of severe mental disorders characterized by ... 03/19/2000 

20. Welcome
 Links to Other Resources. Organizations, Support Groups, and Informational Websites World Psychiatric Association, sponsor of"Open the Doors. Eli Lilly& Company, sponsor of"Open the ... 10/02/2000 

21. Guestbook
 Thank you for visiting my pages. I would love it if you would to this guestbook I am keeping! Hi and thank you. This is ... 05/23/1998 

22. V irginia I nstitute for P sychiatric and B ehavioral G enetics Publications
 irginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics. Publications. Last Updated: August 8, 2000. Published papers by VIPBG faculty or students(as author or co-author)... 08/23/2000 

23. Larry A. Carver, M.D
 LARRY A. CARVER, M.D. DEPARTMENTS OF PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSCIENCE LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER 2020 GRAVIER STREET, SUITE 9B16 NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA 70112-2234.... 04/09/1999 

24. Joshua Searle-White, Ph.D
 Allegheny College. Psychology 170: Abnormal Behavior. In-class Assignment: Analyses of Schizophrenia.... In this assignment, you will work in groups to learn about various alternative ... 08/21/1999 

25. Untitled Document
 Selected Bibliography. General Reference. Andreason, Nancy.(1984) The broken brain. New York: Harper and Row. A.P.A.(1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental ... 03/08/2001 

26. Psychiatry, MedMark
 Psychiatry, MedMark. PSYCHIATRY. Associations/Soc... The purpose of the PSI is to promote the understanding and use of informatics and information technology in Psychiatry. The ... 02/01/2000 

27. Psychiatry
 Associations/ Societies. The purpose of the PSI is to promote the understanding and use of informatics and information technology in Psychiatry. The Society for Computers ... 12/19/1998 

28. Psychiatry, MedMark
 PSYCHIATRY, Search the and or. Medical Search Engines? Associations/Soc... Interdisciplinar... organization advancing psychoanalysis as philosophy, humanities, art, anthropic science; Opposes healthcare model; Advances confidential ... Date Not Available 

29. Internet Sign-ups for E-mail Delivery
 ICP-II. Internet Sign-ups for E-mail Mailings. Keeping Up with Current Medical Information. The Following Resources Can Be Automatically. Sent to Your E-... 11/22/1998 

30. Team projects on www for Psychobiology
 Psychobiology- SECOND- TEAM PROJECT- SCHIZOPHRENIA AND THE GENETIC FACTORS IMPLICATED IN ITS EXPRESSION Aaron Hogue Psychobiology Spring 1997 INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a psychosis characterized by ... 05/12/1997 

31. Psychiatry
 Email Login Password New users! Discussion Forum. Number of accredited programs. 190. Academic year. 1998. Length of accredited training. 4. Minimum number of prior years ... 06/14/2000 

32. 1996 Research Report: Research Grants: PSYCHIATRY
 Research Grants: PSYCHIATRY. The grants received by department members are listed as follows: the members of the department, the title of the project, the sponsor,... 07/23/1997 

33. Essay #1
 Writing Assignment#1. Schizophrenia.... It's a late night at the KU library. A young college freshman majoring in pre-med is attempting to write ... 12/18/1996 

34. Radical Cyber-Psychology... (bibliography etc
 Radical Cyber-Psychology... etc) To: Multiple recipients of list <> Subject: Radical Cyber-Psychology... etc) From: George Stathis <> Date: Wed,... Date Not Available 

35. Joshua Searle-White, Ph.D
 Allegheny College. Psychology 170: Abnormal Behavior. Overview: This course is an attempt to understand the serious psychological difficulties, variously termed abnormal behavior, psychopathology,... mental illness,... 08/21/1999 

36. MEDINTEL | Sites médicaux | Psychiâtrie
 SITES MEDICAUX INTERNATIONAUX. PSYCHIATRIE. ASSOCIATIONS/ SOCIETES. The purpose of the PSI is to promote the understanding and use of informatics and information technology in Psychiatry.... 09/08/1999 

37. PCP1995Q3: Re: A paper on the ideological premises supporting the rhetoric of .....
 Re: A paper on the ideological premises supporting the rhetoric of DSMIV. John Cubeta(jcubeta@c... Fri, 1 Sep 1995 23:45:49-0400...... 11/14/1999 

38. PCP list: Re: A paper on the ideological premises supporting the rhetoric of ......
 Re: A paper on the ideological premises supporting the rhetoric of DSMIV. John Cubeta(jcubeta@c... Fri, 1 Sep 1995 23:45:49-0400...... 11/06/1998 

39. Untitled Document
 What is Schizophrenia?... "There is, in short, no such thing as schizophrenia"Th... S. Szasz, M.D. psychiatry professor, Schizophrenia- The Sacred Symbol ... 07/07/1999 

40. THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY
 Application of the Exorphin Hypothesis to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Theoretical Framework by Ronald Hoggan A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES ... 10/17/1998 

41. Essential! schizophrenia
 Click. Treatments& Therapy. Info on schizophrenia- propoxyphene psychological disorder symptoms of brain tumor small intestine risperdal sodium nitrate and much more! schizophrenia.... medical and schizophrenia.... 01/14/2001 

42. Now appearing... schizophrenia
 Health Issues. Visit us for schizophrenia- seratonin deficiency skin disorder rynatan pregnyl seratonin reuptake inhibitor throat and much more! schizophrenia.... medical and schizophrenia.... Wear eye ... 01/24/2001 

43. Schizophrenia
 U.S. Surgeon General, U.S. Surgeon General. Diagnosis. Counselling. Web Community. Interactive Message Board, Schizophrenia Society, BCSS,(Editorial,... June 3, 1999) External Links. Mental ... 04/20/2001 

44. Schizophrenia
 Longevity Info. Longevity Affiliates. Affiliates. > > Schizophrenia.... Schizophrenia.... CME: Medscape/XXIInd Congress of the Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychophar... 7/9/00, user=benhess, pwd=... 05/02/2001 

45. Schizophrenia
 Usually ships in 24 hours. E. Fuller Torrey/ Harperperennial Library/ January 1995. Usually ships in 24 hours. Irvin D. Yalom, Ginny Elkin(Contributo... Basic Books/... 05/02/2001 

46. Schizophrenia
 I) Schizophrenia- A general label for a number of psychotic disorders with various cognitive, emotional and behavioral manifestations. The Schizophrenias are classified as; Undifferentiated... Catatonic,... 04/28/2001 

47. INPS - News
 Latest Health News Headlines from In Practice Systems Ltd. 10 to 15 minutes old. breakthrough? Liverpool Echo 11:09. 15 to 30 minutes ... 05/04/2001 

48. Schizophrenia
 Related topics: other. A patient support newsgroup for people with schizophrenia.... This is one of the Brain Briefing newsletters produced by the U.S. Society ... 04/24/2001 

49. Schizophrenia
 Paid Advertisement(cl... above) Please see the. Book. Chapter. Page. Schizophrenia.... Diagnosis Management: Medications. Paid Advertisement(cl... above) Please see the. Although access to this ... 03/25/2001 

50. Schizophrenia
 Fellowship NZ. The Fellowship is a voluntary organisation established to help people cope with schizophrenia and related disorders. The Fellowship is here for both support ... 03/25/2001 

51. The Schizophrenia Help Home Page
 Mission Statement! To share our experience in treatment which over the past 46 years has illustrated that there is hope even for the most severely ... 05/02/2001 

52. Schizophrenia
 Usually ships in 24 hours. E. Fuller Torrey/ Harperperennial Library/ January 1995. Usually ships in 24 hours. Irvin D. Yalom, Ginny Elkin(Contributo... Basic Books/... 12/28/2000 

53. Schizophrenia Links
 Online Resources. Updated Dec. 20, 2000, A few have either moved, or are temporarily down. I will track them down if I ever have the ... 04/01/2001 

54. Schizophrenia Rehabilitation
 by. Tim Kalynchuk. March 31, 1999. In fulfillment of scholarship requirements. Schizophrenia Rehabilitation. Introduction. Schizophrenia is the most disabling of all the major mental disorders.... 03/29/2001 

55. VADA GEZONDHEID en ZIEKTE - HEALTH and DISEASE
 HEALTH and DISEASE. SA- SD. Last update: 22-02-2001. ATTENTION. Patients and lay persons looking for guidance among the target sources of this collection ... 02/23/2001 

56. schizophrenia - the basics - the treatments - the results - the books
 schizophrenia - the basics- the treatments- the results- the books! WWW.OMEGA23.COM.... Special Features A Great Present- To yourself or to a real friend! Recommended ... Date Not Available 

57. Schizophrenia
 2. Schizophrenia.... The most recently updated information regarding schizophrenia is located on the Internet. Using a meta-search engine, I was able to find a ... 12/14/2000 

58. Schizophrenia
 Sheila Cantor/ Hardcover/ Published 1988. David G. Kingdon, Douglas Turkington/ Hardcover/ Published 1994. Peter Wyden/ Hardcover/ Published 1998. Irvin D. Yalom, Ginny Elkin/ Paperback/ Published ... 12/03/2000 

59. Schizophrenia
 Signs, Symptoms, Treatment. Schizophrenia is an illness caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. It often causes feelings of helplessness, anger, sadness and guilt.... 11/27/2000 

60. Schizophrenia
 Copyright © 1996-2000 At Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved. > > Schizophrenia.... Schizophrenia Contents: Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disease. Approximately ... 12/12/2000 

61. Psychiatry, MedMark
 Psychiatry, MedMark. PSYCHIATRY. Associations/Soc... The purpose of the PSI is to promote the understanding and use of informatics and information technology in Psychiatry. The ... 02/01/2000 

62. Psychiatry
 Associations/ Societies. The purpose of the PSI is to promote the understanding and use of informatics and information technology in Psychiatry. The Society for Computers ... 12/19/1998 

63. Psychiatry, MedMark
 PSYCHIATRY, Search the and or. Medical Search Engines? Associations/Soc... Interdisciplinar... organization advancing psychoanalysis as philosophy, humanities, art, anthropic science; Opposes healthcare model; Advances confidential ... Date Not Available 

64. Internet Sign-ups for E-mail Delivery
 ICP-II. Internet Sign-ups for E-mail Mailings. Keeping Up with Current Medical Information. The Following Resources Can Be Automatically. Sent to Your E-... 11/22/1998 

65. Team projects on www for Psychobiology
 Psychobiology- SECOND- TEAM PROJECT- SCHIZOPHRENIA AND THE GENETIC FACTORS IMPLICATED IN ITS EXPRESSION Aaron Hogue Psychobiology Spring 1997 INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a psychosis characterized by ... 05/12/1997 

66. Psychiatry
 Email Login Password New users! Discussion Forum. Number of accredited programs. 190. Academic year. 1998. Length of accredited training. 4. Minimum number of prior years ... 06/14/2000 

67. 1996 Research Report: Research Grants: PSYCHIATRY
 Research Grants: PSYCHIATRY. The grants received by department members are listed as follows: the members of the department, the title of the project, the sponsor,... 07/23/1997 

68. Essay #1
 Writing Assignment#1. Schizophrenia.... It's a late night at the KU library. A young college freshman majoring in pre-med is attempting to write ... 12/18/1996 

69. Radical Cyber-Psychology... (bibliography etc
 Radical Cyber-Psychology... etc) To: Multiple recipients of list <> Subject: Radical Cyber-Psychology... etc) From: George Stathis <> Date: Wed,... Date Not Available 

70. Joshua Searle-White, Ph.D
 Allegheny College. Psychology 170: Abnormal Behavior. Overview: This course is an attempt to understand the serious psychological difficulties, variously termed abnormal behavior, psychopathology,... mental illness,... 08/21/1999 

71. MEDINTEL | Sites médicaux | Psychiâtrie
 SITES MEDICAUX INTERNATIONAUX. PSYCHIATRIE. ASSOCIATIONS/ SOCIETES. The purpose of the PSI is to promote the understanding and use of informatics and information technology in Psychiatry.... 09/08/1999 

72. PCP1995Q3: Re: A paper on the ideological premises supporting the rhetoric of .....
 Re: A paper on the ideological premises supporting the rhetoric of DSMIV. John Cubeta(jcubeta@c... Fri, 1 Sep 1995 23:45:49-0400...... 11/14/1999 

73. PCP list: Re: A paper on the ideological premises supporting the rhetoric of ......
 Re: A paper on the ideological premises supporting the rhetoric of DSMIV. John Cubeta(jcubeta@c... Fri, 1 Sep 1995 23:45:49-0400...... 11/06/1998 

74. Untitled Document
 What is Schizophrenia?... "There is, in short, no such thing as schizophrenia"Th... S. Szasz, M.D. psychiatry professor, Schizophrenia- The Sacred Symbol ... 07/07/1999 

75. THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY
 Application of the Exorphin Hypothesis to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Theoretical Framework by Ronald Hoggan A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES ... 10/17/1998 

76. Essential! schizophrenia
 Click. Treatments& Therapy. Info on schizophrenia- propoxyphene psychological disorder symptoms of brain tumor small intestine risperdal sodium nitrate and much more! schizophrenia.... medical and schizophrenia.... 01/14/2001 

77. Now appearing... schizophrenia
 Health Issues. Visit us for schizophrenia- seratonin deficiency skin disorder rynatan pregnyl seratonin reuptake inhibitor throat and much more! schizophrenia.... medical and schizophrenia.... Wear eye ... 01/24/2001 

78. Schizophrenia
 U.S. Surgeon General, U.S. Surgeon General. Diagnosis. Counselling. Web Community. Interactive Message Board, Schizophrenia Society, BCSS,(Editorial,... June 3, 1999) External Links. Mental ... 04/20/2001 

79. Schizophrenia
 Longevity Info. Longevity Affiliates. Affiliates. > > Schizophrenia.... Schizophrenia.... CME: Medscape/XXIInd Congress of the Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychophar... 7/9/00, user=benhess, pwd=... 05/02/2001 

80. Schizophrenia
 Usually ships in 24 hours. E. Fuller Torrey/ Harperperennial Library/ January 1995. Usually ships in 24 hours. Irvin D. Yalom, Ginny Elkin(Contributo... Basic Books/... 05/02/2001 

81. Schizophrenia
 I) Schizophrenia- A general label for a number of psychotic disorders with various cognitive, emotional and behavioral manifestations. The Schizophrenias are classified as; Undifferentiated... Catatonic,... 04/28/2001 

82. INPS - News
 Latest Health News Headlines from In Practice Systems Ltd. 10 to 15 minutes old. breakthrough? Liverpool Echo 11:09. 15 to 30 minutes ... 05/04/2001 

83. Schizophrenia
 Related topics: other. A patient support newsgroup for people with schizophrenia.... This is one of the Brain Briefing newsletters produced by the U.S. Society ... 04/24/2001 

84. Schizophrenia
 Paid Advertisement(cl... above) Please see the. Book. Chapter. Page. Schizophrenia.... Diagnosis Management: Medications. Paid Advertisement(cl... above) Please see the. Although access to this ... 03/25/2001 

85. Schizophrenia
 Fellowship NZ. The Fellowship is a voluntary organisation established to help people cope with schizophrenia and related disorders. The Fellowship is here for both support ... 03/25/2001 

86. The Schizophrenia Help Home Page
 Mission Statement! To share our experience in treatment which over the past 46 years has illustrated that there is hope even for the most severely ... 05/02/2001 

87. Schizophrenia
 Usually ships in 24 hours. E. Fuller Torrey/ Harperperennial Library/ January 1995. Usually ships in 24 hours. Irvin D. Yalom, Ginny Elkin(Contributo... Basic Books/... 12/28/2000 

88. Schizophrenia Links
 Online Resources. Updated Dec. 20, 2000, A few have either moved, or are temporarily down. I will track them down if I ever have the ... 04/01/2001 

89. Schizophrenia Rehabilitation
 by. Tim Kalynchuk. March 31, 1999. In fulfillment of scholarship requirements. Schizophrenia Rehabilitation. Introduction. Schizophrenia is the most disabling of all the major mental disorders.... 03/29/2001 

90. VADA GEZONDHEID en ZIEKTE - HEALTH and DISEASE
 HEALTH and DISEASE. SA- SD. Last update: 22-02-2001. ATTENTION. Patients and lay persons looking for guidance among the target sources of this collection ... 02/23/2001 

91. schizophrenia - the basics - the treatments - the results - the books
 schizophrenia - the basics- the treatments- the results- the books! WWW.OMEGA23.COM.... Special Features A Great Present- To yourself or to a real friend! Recommended ... Date Not Available 

92. Schizophrenia
 2. Schizophrenia.... The most recently updated information regarding schizophrenia is located on the Internet. Using a meta-search engine, I was able to find a ... 12/14/2000 

93. Schizophrenia
 Sheila Cantor/ Hardcover/ Published 1988. David G. Kingdon, Douglas Turkington/ Hardcover/ Published 1994. Peter Wyden/ Hardcover/ Published 1998. Irvin D. Yalom, Ginny Elkin/ Paperback/ Published ... 12/03/2000 

94. Schizophrenia
 Signs, Symptoms, Treatment. Schizophrenia is an illness caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. It often causes feelings of helplessness, anger, sadness and guilt.... 11/27/2000 

95. Schizophrenia
 Copyright © 1996-2000 At Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved. > > Schizophrenia.... Schizophrenia Contents: Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disease. Approximately ... 12/12/2000 

96. Schizophrenia answers
 Schizophrenia - Test Your Knowledge.(True/... Schizophrenia interferes with a person’s ability to manage emotions and relate to others. True. Schizophrenia also interferes ... 12/07/2000 

97. Schizophrenia
 MediFocus MedCenter © Schizophrenia(... following material is simply an introduction. You can order a copy of the full MediFocus Guide to this disease/... 02/28/2001 

98. Understanding the Biochemical and Biobehavioral Nexus of Depression
 Nutrition. Search our articles: Verbose report Simple report. Understanding the Biochemical and Biobehavioral Nexus of Depression. ©Copyright 1997 by Patricia Kane, Ph.D. Millville,... 01/10/2001 

99. Schizophrenia
 What You Need To Know. Schizophrenia is a serious brain disorder which affects how a person thinks, feels and acts. It is a disease that ... 07/06/2000 

100. Schizophrenia
 Book Search& Price Comparison Engine. Search all Medical Internet. > > > > Enter Keyword(s) British Columbia Schizophrenia Society is a nonprofit organization. This ... 11/05/2000 


NorthernLight
Substance dependency-induced psychosis" (SDIP)
From
Norman Jay Gersabeck M.D.








I have made a quest of establishing the important psychiatric
diagnosis of "substance dependency-induced psychosis" (SDIP). It is likely
that half of persons diagnosed as schizophrenic are really cases of SDIP.
Three nationally known psychiatric experts have expressed their support for
further investigation of the diagnosis.  An eastern medical school had been
planning to do a clinical trial on the diagnosis.  But its priority has
recently been downgraded, and it is quite problematic at this time as to
whether it will ever be organized. Dr. Douglas Ziedonis, the chief of the
addictive section of psychiatry at The Robert Wood Johnson Medical School in
New Jersey, had been relatively enthusiastic about organizing a clinical
trial on the diagnosis.  But his enthusiasm dampened not long after he
assumed this position from his prior position at Yale. I can only guess that
the "biologically/politically incorrect" problems of the diagnosis played an
important part in this change on his part.

There is a good synopsis of the diagnosis on the web in the form of an
interview/article at  http://medicalreporter.health.org/tmr0499/tmr0499.htm
(be sure to also access my "personal viewpoint"). I also have a web site on
the diagnosis at www.rust.net/~norman/ There is also an article entitled
"The Basic Nature of Substance Dependency" at
http://www.athealth.com/ProGuestArticles.html or http://www.athealth.com/ Finally there
is a essay I have written on the subject of "biological psychiatry" at
http://www.mhsource.com/wb/biopsych.html - which is somewhat of a critical nature. 

The SDIP illness is similar to schizophrenia. Both are largely
functional types of psychoses, and the signs and symptoms are very similar.
The SDIP disorder could have been considered as a new subtype of
schizophrenia, but that would have diluted the singular importance of the
dependency (whether active or not) as the major cause of the psychosis.
Additionally, though the concept of schizophrenia is a useful one in
psychiatry, that doesn’t mean it should be considered as a discrete (or
sacrosanct) disease entity. One researcher commented about his being unable
to support the reported finding of a "schizophrenic gene." He stated that it
was likely that there were a number of different illnesses included within
the schizophrenic diagnosis.  The new DSM-IV diagnosis of "substance-induced
psychosis" is a largely inadequate diagnosis.  It should have been limited
to non-addictive substances- though in practice it almost always involves
addictive ones. Significant to the SDIP diagnosis, Dr. Torrey wrote of
substance dependency being one of three behavioral indicators of increased
probability of a later onset of schiziphrnia. 

The SDIP-afflicted person is usually less ill, and likely wouldn’t
ever have become psychotic without the "help" of the dependency. The
prognosis for the SDIP patient is mainly better because of having better
treatment opportunities. This is a specific type of treatment in the form of
substance dependency therapy, which is given in the context of the causal
role of the dependency for the psychosis. In my experience, one-third of
fully treated patients enjoy a full remission, without any further need for
medication. Antipsychotic medication treatment for the schizophrenic person,
though usually effective, is only of a symptomatic type. 

I have made no attempt to write a journal article on the substance
dependency-induced psychosis diagnosis because of the lack of a clinical
trial, the widespread ideological bias against the diagnosis, and finally my
role as a "psychiatric outsider."  I think trying to do so would have been
an exercise in futility without a journal demonstrating some sort of open
minded interest on the subject. 

The science of establishing  and using psychiatric diagnoses is
inherently more difficult and less precise then in the rest of medicine. And
that problem is compounded in the area of substance dependency.  "Biological
thinking" is currently predominant in the "New Psychiatry" or "Biological
Psychiatry." I always put the term "biological" in quotation marks when it
is used in this manner. This is because it involves a misuse of the word
"biological." Of course, the problem is not with the worthwhile new
psychiatric drugs being developed. It is related to their over-valuation.
The influence of such thinking has been a marked down-grading of the
importance of psychology and psychotherapy in the understanding and
treatment of mental disorders. It has actually led to the very unfortunate
elimination of any instruction in psychotherapy at many psychiatric training
programs. 

Biological thinking has been the most important source of opposition to
the SDIP diagnosis.  An enlightening essay about the serious problems of
"biological psychiatry" by David Kaiser M.D. from the "Psychiatric Times" is
featured on my web site.  Resistance to the SDIP diagnosis is not limited to
professional factors.  I have encountered some friends and relatives of
SDIP-afflicted persons (who were initially diagnosed as schizophrenic) who
resisted the SDIP diagnosis because they don’t like the introduction of a
"self-inflicted factor" of a substance dependency to the psychotic illness. 

 Recently, I was communicating with a psychiatrist, who had published
the only report of a case of the SDIP diagnosis that I have ever
encountered.  He had waited over a month to respond to my initial email to
him. After the exchange of a few emails and a long telephone conversation,
he suddenly and mysteriously refused to correspond with me any further.  He
gives lectures all over the country on the problem of dual diagnoses (i.e.,
psychosis, chiefly diagnosed as schizophrenia and substance dependency). For
some reason, he had never given the diagnosis any formal name. I never got
the opportunity to ask him why he never did so. Perhaps my role as a
psychiatric outsider has been an aid to me in accepting the challenge of
this diagnosis. 

A university psychiatrist recently cited the statistic that 80% of
patients in state hospitals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia have an
associated diagnosis of substance dependency.  Unfortunately, he accepted
the standard "biological premise" that the mental illness comes first.
According to this thinking, the addiction obviously couldn’t have been a
causal factor for the mental illness.  There is a journal report about the
finding in an inner city emergency room that 70% of persons with a diagnosis
of schizophrenia coming to the emergency room tested positive for cocaine in
their urine. Yet the study had the tortured, but "politically/ biologically
correct" conclusion that the schizophrenia preceded the cocaine addiction
Aside from other common sense problems, such a conclusion runs counter to my
consistent finding that the onset of a psychosis always decreases the person
’s desire for the substance (inversely with the psychosis’ intensity). 

I received a very interesting report from a substance dependency
therapist and counselor at a state hospital mental illness/substance
dependency (M.I/S.D.) ward.. She reported that, in somewhat over half of
such dual diagnosis cases, the addiction clearly came first.  However, for
"biological psychiatrists" the significance of this finding is largely
negated by the convenient "biological understanding" regarding the matter of
this sequence.  It is that most cases of schizophrenia and substance
dependency start incubating about the same time in the late teens.
Therefore, the substance use is considered to be merely secondary to the
still "subclinical schizophrenic processes" at work. This thinking strikes
me as "biologically convenient" in maintaining the "integrity" of the
schizophrenic diagnosis. 

I very much wish that it would have been sufficient for me to have
simply described the merits of the diagnosis to succeed in getting it
established.   I have decided to get media publicity to aid in the task of
organizing a crucially needed clinical trial on the diagnosis.  Currently,
two newspapers are definitely planning to publish articles on the diagnosis,
and two more are seriously considering doing so. I am convinced that this
diagnosis is a matter, about which the public really has the right and the
need to know. I am also convinced that some medical schools will shortly get
interested in investigating the diagnosis in the wake of such publicity. 

It is a very sure thing that this diagnosis will eventually get
established- but I am working hard to see that this is accomplished sooner
than much later. This translates to the avoidance of much unnecessary human
suffering.  I am hoping that this letter will lead directly to some help for
persons diagnosed as schizophrenic, who have direct or indirect ties to your
organization.  I am also hoping that your stated interest in the diagnosis
will help in ultimately organizing the much-needed clinical trial on the
diagnosis. 

I will close with suggestion that the reader access the Medical
Reporter interview for information about the diagnosis.  There are also a
couple of very short clinical case studies there- and more on my web page.
I would be glad to furnish you with a number of supporting documents, should
you request same.  My email address is Norman@mi.verio.com 

Sincerely - Norman Jay Gersabeck M.D.
 
 
 
 
 

 

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